A four-experiment examination of ankle kinetics, kinematics and lateral ligament strains during different conditions: an examination using musculoskeletal simulation

First, to provide insight into the differences in ankle kinetics, kinematics and lateral ligament strain between males females during functional sports movements. In addition this study explores prophylactic efficacy of different footwear bracing modalities. Experiment 1 examined male female athletes performing run, 45° cut one-legged hop movements, experiment 2 observed court, energy return trainer conditions a change direction task, 3 high-cut, low-cut direction, vertical jump movements 4 explored an sleeve brace movement. each kinetics were measured using musculoskeletal simulation approach. indicates that exhibited increased inversion velocity (male = 260.39 219.18°/s) movement as well enhanced peak posterior force 2.24 1.35BW), anterior talofibular (ATFL) rate 266.77 133.16%/s). showed both calcaneofibular (CFL) (PTFL) velocities greater court (CFL 90.86 PTFL 151.45%/s) compared 69.07 119.57%/s). run was (7.86%) high (3.61%) low (5.87%) (8.14%) (5.39%) for (188.01%/s) (175.60%/s) (221.55%/s) (220.29%/s) (202.05%/s) cut. revealed condition (17.05%) (15.42%). This provides potentially incidence sprain injuries males, whilst also highlighting braces attenuating mechanisms linked aetiology injuries.